Performance tests, such as the vertical jump, the underhand medicine ball throw, and other jumping tests, collectively have been used to reflect achievement of these pre-exercise warm-up goals ( 24). The goals of the pre-exercise warm-up should be to promote an increase in core body temperature and blood flow, to increase muscle tendon suppleness, and to enhance free coordinated movements, which, in turn, help prepare the body for exercise ( 24,32,36). Thus, a logical, evidenced-based next step is to investigate whether longer-term performance enhancements may result when validated DWUs are incorporated consistently and repeatedly into daily training regimens. It remains to be determined whether these observed short-term and possibly transient performance benefits of a DWU can be maintained over a longer term. These conclusions, however, are contained to acute (i.e., immediate) enhancements in performance outcomes that were evident immediately or shortly after the DWU was performed. ( 24) show dynamic warm-up (DWU) routines positively influence power, agility, and other performance measures. A review by Bishop ( 6) and, more recently, the work of McMillan et al. It is plausible that doing so may eliminate the deleterious effects on strength, speed, power, and agility associated with static stretching. Within many athletic settings, it is feasible to replace the typical SWU with a more active, dynamic, and sport-specific stretching warm-up aimed at optimizing performance. Specifically, muscle strength and power production, knee flexion and extension 1 repetition maximum lifts, leg extension power, vertical jump, sprint speed, and mean speed of gymnasts' vault runs have all been reduced in terms of performance shortly after a static-stretching warm-up (SWU) ( 4,7-10,15,16,19,22,25,31,38). However, recent research shows acute static stretching regimens may negatively influence performance outcomes ( 15,16,24,25,39). Traditionally, static stretching has been utilized by coaches, athletic trainers, and other athletic personnel as a routine part of both practice and precompetition warm-ups ( 8,12,21,24,35,39). The findings suggest that incorporation of this specific 4-week DWU intervention into the daily preseason training regimen of wrestlers produced longer-term or sustained power, strength, muscular endurance, anaerobic capacity, and agility performance enhancements. In contrast to the DWU intervention, there was no observed improvement in the SWU group for peak torque of the quadriceps, broad jump, 300-yd shuttle run, medicine ball underhand throw for distance, sit-ups, push-ups, or 600-m run, and decrements in some performance measures occurred. A decrease in the average time to completion of the 300-yd shuttle (-2%) and the 600-m run (-2.4%) was suggestive of enhanced muscular strength, endurance, agility, and anaerobic capacity in the DWU group. Wrestlers completing the 4-week DWU intervention had several performance improvements, including increases in quadriceps peak torque (11%), broad jump (4%), underhand medicine ball throw (4%), sit-ups (11%), and push-ups (3%). Measures included peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings, medicine ball underhand throw, 300-yd shuttle, pull-ups, push-ups, sit-ups, broad jump, 600-m run, sit-and-reach test, and trunk extension test. Anthropometric and performance measures were conducted before and after the 4-week experimental period (i.e., DWU or SWU). Twenty-four male National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I wrestlers were randomly assigned to complete either a 4-week treatment condition (DWU) ( n = 11) or an active control condition (SWU) ( n = 13) prior to their daily preseason practices. J Strength Cond Res 22: 1286-1297, 2008-The purpose of this study was to determine whether a dynamic-stretching warm-up (DWU) intervention performed daily over 4 weeks positively influenced power, speed, agility, endurance, flexibility, and strength performance measures in collegiate wrestlers when compared to a static-stretching warm-up (SWU) intervention. Four-week dynamic stretching warm-up intervention elicits longer term performance benefits.
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